African-American Civil Right Movement

The African-American Civil Rights Movement During the slight crossroads in history there are times to be viewed as an incredible development. One of those crossroads throughout the entire existence of America was the African-American Civil Rights Movement. This development stopped by storm with various perspectives on how social liberties ought to be battled. With the fanaticism of Malcolm X or the productive voice of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. There were key legal disputes Brown v. Leading body of Education and the overall realized Rosa Parks. This activity by African-Americans to battle for uniformity was a fight which they needed to endure.However, the African-American individuals would have the option to prevail in the objectives which they set. One of the best social developments inside the United States was the African-American Civil Rights Movement. This development needed to freed or prohibit racial victimization African-Americans. The development had a significant battle of common obstruction which were demonstrations of peaceful dissent and common insubordination that would make an unsettling influence to bureaucratic, state, and nearby governments. The isolation among â€Å"White† and â€Å"Colored† was the fundamental driver for these fights. The isolation was nonsense.With separate water fountains, bathrooms, and other miniscule territories the isolation among whites and coloreds kept the fracture between these two races. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is known for his chivalrous discourses that portray that to flourish as a country, a country must be joined together. With his boss magnetic abilities he had the option to catch the eye of the country. His most popular discourse which is referred to by most as â€Å"I have a dream† discourse was the high purpose of the 1963 March on Washington. Another pioneer during the African-American Civil Right Movement was Malcolm X.Though numerous friends seen him as a backer that charged raci al issue, he without a doubt brought the consideration of racial bad form. A case of his activities was a New York Police beating on Johnston Hinton. Malcolm X went to the police headquarters to see Mr. Hinton and was denied. Malcolm then made a horde of dissidents and with the developing quantities of his friends the police headquarters at that point permitted him to see Hilton. It was fights like these which lead the charge to correspondence all through the country. In any case, there were additionally key claims and legal disputes that would make equity history.During a development there must be guides to which are known, and can be utilized to show either the most elevated accomplishments of the development or show how the old equity framework is destitute. It was the arrangement of legal disputes known as Brown v. Leading group of Education. This case was brought to the consideration of the court framework to permit the training of Black and White Children. The legal advisors o f the NAACP expressed that isolation of the school were illegal and didn't advance vote based system. With this on May 18, 1954 Greensboro was the main city in the South to execute the decision of the U.S. Supremes Court’s Brown v. Leading group of Education. This had a constructive outcome for the progress ahead to balance. Another acclaimed legal dispute was the Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Because of her activities taken on December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was named â€Å"the mother of the Civil Rights Movement†. Rosa Parks will not leave her seat on an open transport to leave space for a white traveler. She was captured, attempted, and indicted for her activities that day. In any case, because of this occurrence 50 African-American pioneers composed the Montgomery Bus Boycott.With the help of roughly 50,000 African Americans in the Montgomery region, the blacklist went on for 381 days. The consequences of this blacklist lead to the neighborhood isolating of African-American and Whites to be lifted. With the mass measure of boycotters the income for the transport diminished 80% until a government court requested the Montgomery’s transport administration to integrate in November. Other authoritative accomplishments during this development were the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.With the African-American Civil Rights Movement being a solid case of the assurance of making a country push ahead to an increasingly adequate spot, it was because of these key individuals which stood up a drove a gathering whom needed indistinguishable benefits from those whom previously had. A development with such significance must be educated and comprehended. During any development in history there will consistently be the individuals who rise as pioneers, at times those need to be a pioneer and a portion of the individuals who are pioneers unexpectedly and lead by tranquil actions.These develop ment pioneers: Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. left a mark on the world which will be cemented into the books of history and will be everlastingly known as pioneers in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. End Notes 1. Henretta, J. A, Brody, D. , America a Concise History, Volume 1, Fourth Edition. Boston: Bedfords/St. Martin’s, 2012. 2. Bruce, Perry, The Last Speeches, (New York: Pathfinder, 1998) 978-0-87348-543-2 (got to October 8, 2012), 165. 3. Klarman, Michael J. ,Earthy colored v.Board of Education and the social liberties development: shortened release of From Jim Crow to common rightsâ : the Supreme Court and the battle for racial equity, Oxfordâ ; New Yorkâ : Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 55 4. Abrade, William Henry, Civilities and social liberties: Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Black battle for opportunity, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980) 0-19-502625-X (Accessed October 8, 2012), 81. Book reference Henretta, J. A , Brody, D. , America a Concise History, Volume 1, Fourth Edition. Boston: Bedfords/St. Martin’s, 2012. Perry, Bruce. The Last Speeches. New York: Pathfinder, 1989. 78-0-87348-543-2 (got to October 8, 2012). Klarman, Michael J. ,Earthy colored v. Leading body of Education and the social liberties development: compressed version of From Jim Crow to common rightsâ : the Supreme Court and the battle for racial equity, Oxfordâ ; New Yorkâ : Oxford University Press, 2007 Chafe, William Henry (1980). Civilities and social equality: Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Black battle for opportunity. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 81. ISBN 0-19-502625-X. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ [ 1 ]. J. A. Henretta, and D. Brody, America a Concise History, (Boston: Bedfords/St.Martin's, 2012), 828. [ 2 ]. Bruce Perry, The Last Speeches, (New York: Pathfinder, 1989)978-0-87348-543-2 (got to October 8, 2012), 165. [ 3 ]. Klarman, Michael J. ,Earthy colored v. Leading group of Education and the social equality development: abbreviated release of From Jim Crow to common rightsâ : the Supreme Court and the battle for racial balance, Oxfordâ ; New Yorkâ : Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 55 [ 4 ]. Abrade, William Henry (1980). Civilities and social liberties: Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Black battle for opportunity. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 81. ISBN 0-19-502625-X.

Labor Boss Sees Racism in Romney Welfare Attacks Essay - 1

Work Boss Sees Racism in Romney Welfare Attacks - Essay Example In anticipation of the up and coming presidential political race in the United States, Schlesinger has deliberately composed and distributed this article to cause his intended interest groups to understand that prejudice despite everything exists in the U.S. legislative issues. As indicated by Schlesinger, Hoffa uncovered that the Republicans’ â€Å"race baiting† assault on President Obama is only one sort of political procedure used to control the voters’ choice on who to decide in favor of in the forthcoming presidential political decision (Schlesinger). By telling the intended interest groups about the bigotry technique utilized by the Republicans, the creator could by one way or another remind the individuals to ignore the presidential candidates’ shading and race while picking the best possibility for the forthcoming U.S. presidential political decision. To have the option to figure out what bigotry is actually about, it is important to characterize t he term â€Å"racism†. As per Fredrickson (189), bigotry can be characterized as â€Å"the convention that a man’s conduct is controlled by steadily acquired characters getting from isolated racial stocks and generally considered to remain to each other in relations of prevalence and inferiority.† It implies that prejudice is tied in with building up a belief system that causes men to get preferential against someone else because of their racial contrasts. During the class conversation, it was referenced that there is a solid racial segregation that is going on between the white and dark Americans. Much of the time, it is the white Americans that are viewed as progressively better as looked at than the dark Americans. Since it is the white Americans who have a higher status in the general public, it is the dark Americans who are regularly off guard with regards to political motivation. This mostly clarifies why James Hoffa has been safeguarding President Obama f rom the Romney-Ryan’s gathering and the Republicans. In class, it was referenced that the U.S. recorded pattern, normal convictions, and practices have something to do with bigotry. For instance, in light of the U.S. history, it is the African Americans (blacks) who once turned into the slaves. Hence, a ton of the white Americans have built up an inappropriate recognition that the African Americans are less unrivaled as far as information, power, and money related abilities when contrasted with them. In actuality, there are some African Americans who are superior to the white Americans regarding information, acclaim, and money related abilities. In spite of the ceaseless advancement of assorted variety in the school, there are still individuals who are unknowingly being bigot. With respect to the instance of Obama’s organization, many individuals are ceaselessly censuring him for the ruin of the U.S. economy. Is the U.S. encountering a moderate financial development ju st in light of the fact that America is being governed under the authority of the main dark American president? Would the way toward having a white American president be sufficient to cause this nation to recover its financial solidness in both the residential and universal market? Or on the other hand is it in light of the fact that the vast majority in America have neglected to build up their insight and abilities in agreement to what is being sought after in both local and the world market? In light of the genuine situations introduced in this paper, obviously the nearness of prejudice could just disturb the harmony and request in our society.â

This Is What Works in Facebook Headlines The 20 Most Effective Phrases

This Is What Works in Facebook Headlines The 20 Most Effective Phrases How many times have you found yourself reading an article or watching a video on a topic that you take no interest in, just because the headline caught your attention?Don’t mind counting, you probably wouldn’t be able to count every single time.This happens on regular bases to every one of us, most probably because we are humans. And that means that we are not immune when it comes to curiosity or emotions.This brings a whole new level of importance to headlines, realizing that they might be the key to boosting the engagement amongst the readers.Therefore, more and more marketers are dedicating themselves to exploring the nature of headlines with the aim of finding the most effective ones.We have gathered the data based on a research that was done and prepared some good piece of advice, all with the aim to help you write the most effective Facebook headlines.100 MILLION HEADLINES RESEARCHThe research was conducted by Steve Rayson from Buzzsumo and it relies on 100 million article headlines that were published in the period between 1st of March 2017 and 10th of May 2017.The main goal of this research was to come to the conclusion which headlines are the most effective, and which, on the contrary, would just make your potential readers keep scrolling through the dashboard.In the next section, we will focus on analyzing the data and defining concrete steps on what you should do in order to achieve higher audience engagement.THE MOST ENGAGING HEADLINESHere are the 20 most effective headlines.When we say “effective” headlines, we mean the ones that drive the most likes, shares, and comments on Facebook.As the result of this research, the three-word phrases, or trigrams, were ranked depending on their performance.1. …that will make you…The definite number one was this phrase, which came as a shock to many researchers.Analyzing what stands behind this phrase, we realized that it’s much more complex than we thought.For the start, this is a link between the action and the outcome.It states clearly what will happen if you take a specific action, guaranteeing you the positive output.For example:10 facts about life that will make you more grateful5 things you didn’t know about chocolate that will make you love it even moreThe best morning exercises that will make you kick start the dayHighlighting the outcome, our emotions get triggered and therefore, we desire to read a specific article, even though we weren’t much enthusiastic about the action itself.2. …this is why…We all want to know why some things happen, and as human beings, naturally, we seek an explanation for everything that is happening.This is why this phrase is amongst the most effective ones, driving our curiosity and satisfying our need to feel smarter and more in peace with ourselves.You see what I did there? I guarantee that you feel much better now, that you can add another thing to your knowledge list.For example:This is why people should exercise 5 minutes dai ly.This is why hummingbird feeders are often red.3. Can we guess…?What is the one topic you can always talk about?Yourself, of course! We really enjoy talking about ourselves because we always know what to say and are certain that nobody knows more in that field than us.Besides the satisfaction this provides, we also enjoy getting confirmation about some things that we believe in and generally, the picture we build of ourselves.Therefore, we often can’t resist taking a quiz that will try to guess something about us. Better say â€" that will confirm something we are proud of.For example:Can we guess what is your age based on your music preference?Can we guess your zodiac sign?4. Only X in…People are social beings but at the same time, they have a desire to be recognized as unique and completely different than the others.When it comes to quizzes that state that only a few people on this world can understand or do something, we want to be amongst those people.That is why we take these quizzes that challenge us, and when we prove that we are amongst the X population, rarely we refrain ourselves from sharing it with all of our friends on Facebook.For example:Only 5% of people can solve this test.5. The reason is…We all want to know what stands behind everything.The bigger the effect of something, the more we want to know the reason behind it.When things are explained to people, it helps them connect dots and their own thoughts, which gives them more confidence in their knowledge and understanding of things in general.For example:Have you ever seen can walking in circles for hours? The reason behind is so-called cat weed.6. …are freaking out…Drama alert! People will tell you that they don’t like drama and try to stay as far as possible from it, but will also be the first line to see a dramatic event and follow every detail from a safe distance.Whenever something unusual happens or attracts many people’ attention, we want to know every little detail a bout it, even though it doesn’t affect us.Here we are highlighting human’s curiosity once again and the fact that we want to feel a bit shocked about something, feeling safe due to it not happening directly to us.For example:People are freaking out about this new snake specie. And this is why…7. X stunning photos…Why wouldn’t you like to expose your eyes to beautiful pictures?Exactly, you can’t find the reason not to.Even though you won’t feel attracted to everything that will be shown on these pictures, you will often find yourself looking at them just to awake some positive feeling within yourself or brighten your day.For example:10 stunning photos of beautiful places around the world.These 5 stunning photos have shaken the world.8. …tears of joy…Yes, you will find this phrase in a lot of songs, but also in a lot of effective headlines.This is due to the fact that whatever stands behind the headline will probably awake strong emotions within us, which is somethin g we are definitely looking forward to.For example:After seeing this cute youtube video, I have cried tears of joy.9. This is what happens…When you read a headline that implies that there’s a clear and specific reaction to something, your brain really wants to find out more about that reaction.Headlines such as:This is what happens when you eat only fruits for 7 daysThis is what happens when you order clothes online without trying etc.Provoke our curiosity and make us read the article.10. …make you cryAgain, this is an emotional headline. This will probably make your audience want to see for themselves if the article is really that strong to make them cry.Bear in mind, exaggerating headlines just to draw attention to your articles without articles following the headline’s promise, will only make you lose your audience for good.For example:This short video will definitely make you cry.11. …give you goosebumpsThis phrase can often be linked to articles containing videos, esp ecially those of somebody singing.These are quite common in public talent shows where people, besides showing their talent, often tell their stories, and connect with the audience in that way.For example:This artist’s performance will give you goosebumps. 12. Talking about itDo you know what’s trending right now?Of course you do, because people want to stay on track with what’s popular right now and make sure they can join any conversation these days, since “that” is something everybody’s talking about!For example:People around the internet are talking about it.13. …is too cute…How many times before have you seen something cute â€" baby or an animal and just wished to squeeze it, pop it or even “eat it”?For example:This little kitten is too cute that only cold-hearted people won’t react.According to science, seeing cute things can make us almost lose control, all due to the high positive-affect.Therefore, implying that there is something that is too cute behind the headline will definitely seem appealing to many.14. …shocked to see…You would probably be surprised (shocked!) to realize how many people need drama in their life.There are many explanations to this drama phenomenon, but one thing is clear: even though you might not cause drama in your daily life on purpose, you will probably guilty enjoy to read about somebody else’s, just to remind yourself that you are doing good.For example:After watching this movie, we were shocked to see how harsh reality can be.15. …melt your heart…You know that your heart can be melted only by your partner or some cute animal and that’s it. Or is it?Whether these are really the things that melt your heart or there are some more you would add to the list, you have to admit that you enjoy the feeling.Therefore, many people are attracted to such headlines, exactly due to their desire to experience the feeling.For example:People around the glove love it. This little Pomsky dog will melt your hea rt.16. X things only…This is quite interesting. As mentioned above, people like to feel unique, but most of all, they tend to feel understood.Therefore, reading articles that are dedicated only to the role they have â€" for example, mother, architect, older sister etc. makes them feel revealed and as they belong.Headlines such as:10 things only single mothers will know5 things only English teachers can relate to10 things only highly educated people will understandThis is a great example of giving exclusivity to the article, and therefore making it more appealing to readers.17. …can’t stop laughingThis one is quite clear â€" who would mind an uncontrollable laugh, especially if they are having a bad day?All comedy shows, stand-up comedians, ever more present humor in everyday life â€" even on the job, prove that people are more likely to watch something or to stay at some place if the good laugh is present.For example:After watching “Achmed the Dead Terrorist” by Jeff Dunha m you simply can’t stop laughing.18. Top X songs…This goes both when people want to follow what’s trending, but also when people want to learn something about the completely unfamiliar topic.For example, you have been listening to rock music your whole life, but the girl you just recently met is really into pop music.Your logical next move is to search for 10 top songs in this genre, in order to impress the girl, and actually learn something about it.For example:This is the list of top 50 songs on the planet.19. Twitter reacts to…There is no easier way to see crowd explode than to follow twits.This became quite popular, and anyone who still doesn’t have an opinion on a topic that’s currently in the center of attention will most probably go to Twitter and read all arguments, in order to form it.These headlines imply drama, and articles help people stay on track, summing up the most important twits.For example:Twitter reacts to Trumps latest statement about the great Ameri can wall.20. …what happened next…You know how at the end of each episode of any TV show you’re watching; you are dying to find out what happens next. It’s the same with the headlines and articles.They say that something (usually shocking) happened and now you’re really curious to find out what exactly!BE CAREFUL! These types of headlines are becoming less and less popular. What’s more, Facebook classifies them as click baits which might cause the demotion of your headlines.For example:Little girl reached for the tiger in a zoo, and what happened next will blow your mind.HOW TO WRITE EFFECTIVE FACEBOOK HEADLINESNow that you know the 20 most effective Facebook headlines and the reason they are effective, here are some tips on how to write effective headlines on your own.Who knows, maybe during next research, yours will turn out to be the most effective one?Word of mouthIt has been proven that people have more tendencies to believe in a brand or company when somebody whom t hey trust recommends it to them.It doesn’t have to be their close friend or a family member (if you want to cover a wider audience), but also some person of influence.Try to find somebody who is well known amongst your target group and who believes in what you are providing.If they agree to collaborate, your headline could be about them recommending your brand, which was proven to get more people to read your articles or take look at what you are offering, and then actually buy it.Unbeatable factsDemonstrate integrity when you write your headlines.Make sure that your customers or consumers at the end get what you promised them in the headline and you will gain their respect.Eventually, it will become more about the content, than the actual headline, and any headline you write will be effective.Keep it simpleYou are absolutely in love with what you are offering and you could talk and write about it endlessly. There’s just one problem â€" people wouldn’t read about it endlessly. You will barely impress anyone by writing every value the reader will get by clicking on your post because barely anyone would read it.The simpler the better. Keep it short and clear so everyone can understand it and connect with it.Indicate solutionsPeople enjoy various things on the Internet, but they enjoy them, even more, when they know it’s good for them for any reason.The good tip is to include something that implies a solution or anything that will help the reader somehow.A good old trick is to use ‘How to’, but anything similar would do the work.Name the problemDon’t be afraid to mention the problem or its consequences.It has been proven that fear is one of the strongest emotions a human can feel, that can move anyone to take action.Even if that means reading the article, checking out the offer, or ordering something.Talk to your readersAsk questions directly in the headline.The best way to engage the audience is to ask them a question in the start and get them thin king right away.You can either ask yes/no questions (but provide the answer right in the next sentence) or an open question (and then indicate the solution that’s in the text).Both will do well with your customers.CliffhangerPeople by nature are curious beings who want to know everything, and if possible, immediately!All you have to do is let them know that there is something that they don’t know yet, but can really easily find out â€" just by clicking on your headline.The trick is to tell them that there’s something, but don’t reveal it immediately.Make sure you get their imagination going, and what’s more important, their desire to learn something new and feel like they’ve achieved something new!FINAL WORDMany would say that there are different approaches to getting peoples’ attention and that there is no rule.There’s some truth in that â€" every person is different and personalized approach would be the best.Unfortunately, we usually don’t have the luxury to do so; therefore we conduct similar researches and strive to find patterns.Thankfully, no matter how different we all are â€" we all have the same needs, and when it comes to them, we act similarly.Therefore, it is quite easy to define the approach and make sure to engage your audience in the most effective way.Make sure you check all the above-mentioned headlines, and especially the reason they are effective.If you know the reason behind it, if you know “why” they are effective, you can come up with a countless number of headlines that will do the job perfectly.In your further work, you can rely on the concrete steps and tips when it comes to writing the headlines, and ensure that you catch the attention of your readers.Good luck, and we are looking forward to one of your headlines becoming the next top effective one!

Analysis of Scarlett O’hara on the Perspective of Feminism

Ã¥ Å½Ã¥ â€"å†Å"ä ¸Å¡Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã§   Ã¦ ±Å¸Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã©â„¢ ¢ æ ¯â€¢Ã¤ ¸Å¡Ã¨ ® ºÃ¦â€"‡ï ¼Ë†Ã¨ ® ¾Ã¨ ® ¡Ã¯ ¼â€° Analysis of Scarlett O’Hara on the perspective of Feminism è” ¡ é ¢â€" éÅ" ² æÅ'‡å ¯ ¼Ã¦â€¢â„¢Ã¥ ¸Ë†Ã¯ ¼Å¡ Ã¥ ¼  Ã¥ © ·Ã¥ © · è ® ²Ã¥ ¸Ë† ç ³ »Ã¯ ¼Å¡ Ã¥ ¤â€"å› ½Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã§ ³ » Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã§ º §Ã¤ ¸â€œÃ¤ ¸Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å¡ è‹ ±Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¯ ¼Ë†Ã¦â€¢â„¢Ã¨â€š ²Ã¯ ¼â€°2008ç º § æ  Ã¤ º ¤Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å"Ÿï ¼Å¡ 5æÅ"ˆ25æâ€" ¥ ç ­â€Ã¨ ¾ ©Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å"Ÿï ¼Å¡ 5æÅ"ˆ29æâ€" ¥ ç ­â€Ã¨ ¾ ©Ã¥ §â€Ã¥â€˜ËœÃ¤ ¼Å¡Ã¤ ¸ »Ã¥ ¸ ­Ã¯ ¼Ë†Ã§ ­ ¾Ã¥  Ã¯ ¼â€°Ã¯ ¼Å¡ è ¯â€žÃ©Ëœâ€¦Ã¤ º ºÃ¯ ¼Ë†Ã§ ­ ¾Ã¥  Ã¯ ¼â€°Ã¯ ¼Å¡ Ã¥ ¹ ´ æÅ"ˆ æâ€" ¥ ABSTRACT Gone with the wind was published in 1936, ten years after Mitchell writing it. It got a great success and becomes one of the bestselling novels of all time. It received the 1937 Pulitzer Prize. As the first novel which depicts American Civil War from women’s perspective, Margaret focuses on the suffering from the war of those women who stay at home and their difficult journey of reconstruction.†¦show more content†¦In 1918 the Representation of the people Act 1918 was passed permitting the vote to women over the age of 30 who own house. In 1928 this was extended to all women over 21. It is considered to have ended with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (1919), granting women the right to vote in all state. [ii] Second-wave feminism is a feminist movement beginning in the early 1960s and continuing to the 20th and it coexists with third-wave feminism. Second wave feminism is largely concerned with issues of equality not only suffrage, but things like ending discrimination. Second-wave feminists treat womens cultural and political inequalities as its main purposes that to be deal with. During this period, feminist encourage women to understand aspects of their personal lives deeply by means of public promoting. The feminist activist and author Carol Hamish came up with the slogan for the first time The Personal is Political, which became synonymous with the second wave.[iii] Third-wave feminism is start from 1900 to the present. It arose as a response toward failures of the second wave and also as a response to the movements created by the second wave. Third- wave feminism often correct the second wave’s ideas and movementsShow MoreRelatedSymbolic Meaning of the Land in Gone with the Wind6993 Words   |  28 PagesReviewÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...4 2.1 Brief Introduction of Margaret Mitchell and Gone with the WindÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…4 2.2 Previous Researches of Gone with the WindÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….4 2.3 The Views about Sociology of NovelsÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..5 Chapter 3 Narrative Analysis of the LandÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...7 3.1 Contextual Meaning of the LandÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..7 3.2 Social Emotions of Novels of the LandÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…8 3.3 Social Function of Novels of the LandÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...Â…..9 3.4 Living Circumstances

The Attraction to Paris - 835 Words

Millions and millions of people from all around the world come to visit France every year. The most popular city to visit in France is Paris. So many people visit Paris, but each of them have different reasons for visiting. Some people come to see the major landmarks and attractions. Others come to see the numerous art galleries. The food in Paris draws in tourists all by itself. There are many reasons to visit Paris. Probably the most popular reason to visit Paris is to see all of the most famed monuments. The Eiffel Tower is the unmistakable icon of Paris. Gustave Eiffel designed the tower for the World Expo of 1889. Back then, Eiffel was an engineer who designed iron bridges for trains. He employed the same kind of structural elements when designing the Eiffel Tower, most notably the iron crossbars and massive archways. Another monumental landmark is the Arc de Triomphe. 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Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy Free Essays

Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Chemical Oceanography: Tracing Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) Erika Mae A. Espejo 3rd year, BS Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman Abstract Dissolved organic matter (DOM), the fraction passing through a 0. 45 Â µm membrane filter, is considered poorly understood mixture of organic polymers because of its complexity. We will write a custom essay sample on Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although it largely influences a lot of biogeochemical processes in aquatic environments, its characterization is not that simple. However, due to the fact that it comprises optically active fraction called colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) together with the help of its colloidal components, tracing of DOM can be possible. Through different methods and instruments such as fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy, parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), isolation-fractionation technique (pairing of fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopy), and satellite remote sensors, analysis of DOM can be done which can help elucidate its dynamics in aquatic environments. Introduction When a molecule absorbs light (energy), an electron is excited and promoted to an unoccupied orbital. Figure 1 shows a Jablonski diagram which describes what happens when an electron is excited: Fig. 1 Jablonski diagram The energy difference between the ground (S 0) and excited singlet states (S1, S2 or higher) determines the wavelengths at which light is absorbed. Absorption (excitation) can result in a range of transitions to various vibrational sublevels of excited singlet states, which is then followed by nonradiative relaxation to the lowest sublevel of the S 1 state, via vibrational relaxation and internal conversion. Internal conversion, singlet–triplet intersystem crossing and fluorescence then compete for relaxation to the ground state (S 0). The wavelength of the fluorescence emission is determined by the difference in energy between S1 and S0 states. The greater the conjugation in the molecule, the lesser the difference in energy resulting in a longer wavelength of fluorescence. Discussion The fraction passing through a 0. 45 Â µm filter includes material in true solution, together with some colloidal components, and is termed dissolved organic matter (DOM). It could be autochthonous/external (from degradation of terrestrial plant matter which is dissolved and transported through river systems and estuaries to the marine environment), or allochthonous/internal (from exudation by phytoplankton, excretion by zooplankton, and post-death organism decay process). DOM influences different aspects of aquatic environments like microbial and plankton (aquatic) ecology, trace metal speciation and transport, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) toxicity, trace water masses, mobilization of organic and inorganic pollutants, photo degradation, drinking water treatment, and carbon budgeting. This implies that tracing and characterization of DOM is essential to understand its dynamics; however, since DOM is a complex and poorly understood heterogeneous mixture of aliphatic and aromatic polymers, and its composition varies in time and space depending on proximity to sources and exposure to degradation process, characterization is arduous (involves large sample volumes and many stages) [4]. The optically active fraction of DOM (passing through a 0. 2 Â µm filter) is called the colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). It absorbs ultraviolet and blue light radiation in 350-500 nm range and also fluoresces when excited by light . Its presence gives water a yellow/brown color (and often described as yellow substance or gelbstoff) and its light absorption is highest in the ultraviolet (UV) region and declines to near-zero levels in the red region of the spectrum [2]. It plays an important role in determining the underwater light fields, represents a significant component of ocean optical signals for satellite-based measurements of ocean color and can interfere in global and regional estimates of primary production; affects the ocean color, underwater light fields and aquatic chemistry through a suite of sunlight-initiated photochemical processes [3]. Thus, using spectroscopy, it can be used as a tracer for the characterization of the DOM pool. This review discusses four approaches in fluorescence spectroscopy for tracing CDOM. The first one is the Fluorescence Emission-Excitation Spectroscopy. Fluorescence excitationemission matrices (EEMs) are emission scans from excitations over a range of wavelengths (? ) which provide information on number, types and abundance of fluorophores present in CDOM [4] . It can also ifferentiate between CDOM of terrestrial and marine origin (marine CDOM has a fluorescence maximum at shorter wavelengths than terrestrial). For multivariate analysis of EEMs, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a two-way data analysis method is used (for example 45 excitation ? times 150 emission ? equals 6750 variables). However, Stedmon et. al said that Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) is better suited to EEMs since it is a three-way version of the PCA where the data are composed into tri-linear components. Equation 1 describes the PARAFAC model (the second approach): xijk = ? ifbifckf + ? ijk (1) where xijk is the intensity of the fluorescence for the ith sample at emission wavelength j and excitation wavelength k, aif is directly proportional to the concentration (moles) of the fth analyte in sample I, b jf is linearly related to the fluorescence quantum efficiency (fraction of absorbed energy emitted as fluorescence), ckf is linearly proportional to the specific absorption coefficient (molar absorbtivity) at excitation wavelength k, F defines the number of components in the model, and a residual matrix ? jk represents the variability not accounted for by the model. Figure 2 and figure 3 show that the model reproduces the main features of the measured EEMs when they sampled in the east coast of Jutland, Denmark: This implies that PARAFAC modeling is an effective method of characterizing CDOM with EEMs. This approach was able to trace CDOM to help elucidate its dynamics: Stedmon et. al said t hat the model was successful in grouping the fluorophores present into groups with similar structure. They have found out that excitation at longer ? uggests that the fluorophores responsible for this fluorescence are more aromatic in nature or contain several functional groups, the ratio of fluorescence in this region (~500 nm) relative to the fluorescence at 450 nm, varies depending on the number of aromatic groups and, hence, the source of the material, and ratios twice as large in the estuary than in the terrestrial samples, suggests that the fluorescence is not only due to terrestrially derived matter but also CDOM produced/transformed in estuarine processes. As with the behavior of CDOM, results show that this approach distinguishing is capable between of CDOM derived from different sources since there are considerable differences in the composition of CDOM from sources of DOM. Table 1 shows the behavior of CDOM from different sources: Table 1. Behavior of CDOM from different sources High fluorescence intensity Low fluorescence intensity Lakes: there is a net production of ? Transported out of the forest and again autochthonous DOM during estuarine mixing (where the freshwater input from the stream mixes with the saline waters of the inner estuary) ? In freshwater: due to mixing (dilution), and degradation/transformation ? In forest stream: photochemical degradation due to exposure to sunlight (photochemical degradation bleaches the DOM fluorescence and causes the specific fluorescence to decrease) ? Results show that this approach enables us to establish relationships between general characteristics of the DOM pool and its fluorescent properties. The third approach is the isolation-fractionation based techniques ((ion-exchange resins, reverse osmosis, rotary evaporation, and tangential flow ultrafiltration). However this approach uses isolates which may not completely reflect the actual structure, behaviour, interactions and reactivity of DOM in the natural environment due to alterations in the structure of the DOM during extraction and concentration and due to their removal from the original environment in which they were situated. Nevertheless, the paired fluorescence and absorbance measurements can still distinguish CDOM from different sources. Figure 4 shows that DOC against a340 for all sample sites and demonstrates a strong correlation (r=0. 9, n=30); a340 was found to be the best proxy for DOC from all the optical measurements taken, where a340 is absorption coefficient at 340 nm (provide a check for inner-filtering effects when highly absorbent DOM quenches fluorescence, resulting in a decrease in intensity): Fig. 4 Relationship of DOC and a340 measured in River Tyne, northern England The last approach is through satellite remote sensing, a method that could estimate the amount o f CDOM in surface waters over large geographic areas would be highly desirable. Satellite remote sensing has the potential to CDOM observation with high spatial and temporal resolution and enables scaling up to the level of large ecosystems and biomes which implies that match-ups have really high correlation (hence approach is [3] . Figure 5 below shows satellite measurements of CDOM successful and verified): Satellite-derived CDOM products will allow us to estimate processed such as ecosystem production of DOM and sunlight decomposition of CDOM [7] . The new odel will also allow us to validate the remote sensing estimates of phytoplankton (chlorophyll concentration) and productivity, and may open up new possibilities for using ocean color remote sensing with studies in areas such as photochemistry, the photobiology of ultraviolet radiation and even ocean circulation [3]. Conclusion The importance of CDOM in tracing and characterizing DOM has been showed through the use of its optical properties; thus enabling us to explain the dynamics of its pool. The use of fluorescence spectroscopy makes it possible to distinguish the properties of CDOM which can enlighten us on how it influences the biogeochemical processes in the aquatic environments (for example the absorbance measurements can tell us what components of CDOM are present, its molecular weight, it sources, etc), and how it behaves in different environments. References: [1] Andy Bakera, Robert G. M. Spencer. Characterization of dissolved organic matter from source to ea using fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopy [2] C. A. Stedmon*, S. Markager . Behaviour of the optical properties of coloured dissolved organic matter under conservative mixing [3] S. P. Tiwari, P. Shanmugam. An optical model for the remote sensing of coloured dissolved organic matter in coastal/ocean waters [4] Colin A. Stedmona, Stiig Markagera, Rasmus Bro. Tracing dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments using a new approach to fluorescence spectroscopy [5] Claude Belzile, Laodong Guo. Optical properties of low molecular weight and colloidal organic matter: Application of the ultrafiltration permeation model to DOM absorption and fluorescence [6] C. Romera-Castillo, M. Nieto-Cid, C. G. Castro , C. Marrase, J. Largier, E. D. Barton, X. A. Alvarez-Salgado. Fluorescence: Absorption coefficient ratio — Tracing photochemical and microbial degradation processes affecting coloured dissolved organic matter in a coastal system [7] http://neptune. gsfc. nasa. gov/science/slides. php? sciid=73 How to cite Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Essay examples

the disease imagery in Hamlet serves to constantly Essay Example For Students

the disease imagery in Hamlet serves to constantly Essay dfd remind the reader of the initial problem in the play: King Hamlets poisoning by his brother. After hearing his father graphically describe the murder, it is constantly on Hamlets mind. For this reason, many of the images that Hamlet creates in the play are connected with disease and poison. The literal poisoning becomes symbolic of the rest of the events of the play. Remember that poisoning through the ear can be taken literally or figuratively (through speech and lies). Look at Poloniuss conversation with Ophelia about Hamlet, Claudius lies to Laertes and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. There are examples of decay imagery throughout the play. This is all shown in Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. These images of decay, disease, rankness, rot, and ulcers constantly pop up in the play. The idea of an ulcer that is constantly infecing and eating the body is also prevelant. Check out I. We will write a custom essay on the disease imagery in Hamlet serves to constantly specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now iv.23-38, II.ii.181, II. ii.250, II.ii.504. The dram of eale doth all the noble substance of a doubt to his own scandal That for some vicious mole of nature in them. Rosencranzs The cess of majesty Iv.iii A certain convocation of politic worms III.iv.144-9 It will but skin a film the ulcerous place.. . The images of disease all refer to the rottenness of court or the sin of Claudius ; Gertrude. Finally check out W.H. Clemens The Development of Shakespeares Imagery. It is a great resource. Hope that helped! C. Watts ed. , Hamlet, Harvester New Critical Introductions to Shakespeare (New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1988). S. Wofford ed., Hamlet (Boston, Mass. : Bedford Books, 1994) with accompanying essays. I took a Shakespeare class in high school (about two years ago). Out professor told us that the flowers signified the loss of Ophelias sanity caused by the rejection of her lover, Hamlet, and the murdering of her father, Polonius(sp?), by which Hamlet is guilty. Also, he said that it was questionable whether Ophelia took her own life, or accidentially fell in the water. I wanted to respond to Toms posting on Christian imagery in Hamlet. I thought he brought up some interesting points that I had overlooked in my reading. The idea of the Ghost of Hamlet as a parallel to the Holy Ghost is obvious to me. I agree with Tom in his description of what the Holy Ghost (spirit) is meant to be to us Christains. Along those same lines, the Ghost of Hamlet seems to have the same purpose in this play. He speaks to Hamlet without ever saying a word. He seems to guide him in his quest to revenge his death. Just as Christians are taught to feel the presence of the Holy Ghost, Hamlet feels the presence of his fathers Ghost. In the scene where he is argueing with Gertrude, Hamlet stops when he feels his fathers ghost. I believe he indeed felt his presence before he say him. There is no evidence in the text to support my claim, but it is just an interpretation I have. Another reference I like is our saviours birth is celebrated, (1672, line 140). This also to me shows how King Hamlet is often viewed as Christ-like. There seems to be a constant parallel between Christ and Hamlet throughout the play. Im not sure if this is direct or indirect. A scene that I felt also had strong Christian imagery in it was during Act IV. When Hamlet goes to see his mother, he seems to be on a mission. The entire play he has been more focused on showing her the error of her ways, than getting revenge on Claudius. This has a certain sence of Hamlet trying to be almost God-like. He attempts to show his mother a portrait of good vs. evil when he sets up the mirror to compare King Hamlet to Claudius. By doing this, he wants to point out the sins that Claudius (as well as Gertrude) have committed. At the same time, he wants to glorify his fathers perfect image. To me, Hamlet is attempting to show Gertrude the error of her ways in an almost Christ-like sence. .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4 , .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4 .postImageUrl , .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4 , .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4:hover , .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4:visited , .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4:active { border:0!important; } .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4:active , .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4 .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud9cc96ac0b34b868df3c799133f059a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Albert Camus the Plague Essay He is overcome with the belief that everything he is doing is correct and good. I get the image of him trying to act like Jesus, a pure man in a group of sinners. Another issue in Hamlet that has been argued about comes during that same bedroom scene. Why can Hamlet see the Ghost and not his mother? At first, my answer is that since Hamlet is free of guilt towards his fathers death, he can see him. I had the impression that Shakespeare made the ghost only visible to him because Gertrude had sinned against him. I dont think this way anymore. If I base the fact that Hamlet sees the ghost because he is without sin, that argument can be taken away because Hamlet has just murdered Polonius. Polonius is an innocent man. Surely, this is a great sin in the mind of the ghost as well as in the mind of Hamlet. Polonius had done nothing to bring about the death of King Hamlet. This is where Hamlet begins his own downward spiral of sin. If he is after Claudius for comitting a sin, he is guilty of two murders to innocent people by the end of the play. Shakespeares Christian imagery in this play seems to be stronger than in any of the other plays we have covered so far. However, he does tend to slip in, either intentionally or not, a reference to God, Jesus or a Biblical passage in almost all of his plays. Is this his personal touch to his writings or was this a common theme for writers of this time period? Two images? Or two types of images? As far as types of images, you cant go wrong discussing images of decay/disease and images of warfare/violence. Images of decay include: Tis bitter cold/And I am sick at heart (I. i.8-9). the moist star/Upon whose influence Neptunes empire stands/ was sick almost to doomsday with eclips (I.i. 118-20). the world as an overgrown gardenthings rank and gross in nature possess it merely (I.ii.136) The canker galls the infants of the spring/Too oft before their buttons be disclosd (I. iii.39-40) About drinking in the general censure take corruption (I.iv.24-35) Something is rotten in the state of Denmark (I. iv.90) Though to a radiant angel linkd/Will sate itself in a celestial bed/and prey on garbage (I.v.55-7) Taint not thy mind (I. v.85) For if the sun breed maggots in a dead dog, being a good kissing carrion (II.ii.181-2) Pestilent congregation of vapours (II. ii.302-3) my imaginations are as foul/as Vulcans stithy (III.ii.83-4) Tis now the very witching time of night/when churchyards yawn, and hell itself breathes out/contagion to this world (III. ii. 388-90) A mildewd ear/blasting his wholesome brother (III.iv.64-5). Nay, but to live/In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed,/Stewd in corruption, honeying and making love/Over the nasty sty! (III.iv.91-4) Lay not that flattering unction to your soul/That not your trespass but my madness speaks/It will but skin and film the ulcerous place/Whiles rank corruption, mining all within,/ Infects unseen (III.iv. 144-49). diseases desperate grown/By desperate appliance are relievd,/ Or not at all (IV.iii.8-10) For like the hectic in my blood he rages,/And thou must cure me (IV. iii.63-4) To my sick soul (IV.v.17) It warms the very sickness in my heart,/That I shall live and tell him to his teeth,/Thus didst thou.' (IV. vii.52-4) Ist not perfect conscience,/To quit him with this arm? and ist not to be damnd,/To let this canker of our nature come/ In further evil? (V.ii.67-70). After establishing that this pattern of imagery exists, its important to explain its meaning. Simply put, Shakespeare uses imagery to support the notion of corruption spreading throughout the Danish court. Its source is Claudius, who killed the rightful king and incestuously married Gertrude. It corrupts Gertrude (in her agreement to this incestuous union), Ophelia (in her agreement to allow her father and Claudius to spy on her meeting with Hamlet), Laertes (who falls from honor by deciding to use treachery and poison to kill Hamlet), Hamlet (who is disabled by his indecision), Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (who are induced to spy upon Hamlet, who is supposed to be their friend). .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112 , .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112 .postImageUrl , .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112 , .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112:hover , .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112:visited , .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112:active { border:0!important; } .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112:active , .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112 .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub2b643d43db1fec798b91633f850f112:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Coaching for competence Essay Hope this helps. It is an incidental comment from a minor character which lays down, in the opening moments of the play, that which is to pin together all its aspects. Francisco the guard says, I am sick at heart. Franciscos sick melancholy is faithful to the form which permeates the play unexplained, difficult to define, but with a clear sense of dread. And, typically, his expression of misgivings is misinterpreted, perhaps even underestimated Barnardo, seeking palpable reasons for Franciscos distraction, asks whether Francisco has had a quiet watch. Perhaps he wonders if the ghost has disturbed Francisco. Whatever is ailing Fransciso remains secret, simply becoming a part of the anxious atmosphere. Throughout the play we can trace a progression of corruption in almost all of the main characters. We are constantly reminded of this decay through the imagery used. It is a significant point that the ghost, the only character that could arguably be termed an outside objector, and who is certainly qualified to make some form of prophetic judgment, should be one of the prime sources of imagery of disease, poison and decay: Upon my secure hour thy uncle stole With juice of cursed hebona in a vial, And in the porches of y ears did pour The leperous distilment; whose effect Holds such an enmity with blood of man That swift as quicksilver it courses through The natural gates and alleys of the body, And with a sudden vigour it doth posset And curd, like eager droppings into milk, the thin and wholesome blood. So did it mine. And a most instant tetter barked about, Most lazar-like, with vile and loathsome crust All my smooth body. A graphic description, with consideration given to the fact that only moments before the ghost had instructed Hamlet not to pity it! Perhaps the most immediately obviously corrupt character in Hamlet is Polonius. His corruption has occurred long before the play begins; the progression is in the extent to which it is revealed to us. From this courteous, almost comically long-winded member of the court, emerges a personality that is first dominating (as he instructs Laertes These few precepts in thy memory look thou character,), then clearly abusive (towards Ophelia: Affection? Pooh! You speak like a green girl,/Unsifted in such perilous circumstance,/Do you believe his tenders, as you call them? and soon I would not, in plain terms, from this time forth,/have you so slander and moment leisure/As to give works or talk with the Lord Hamlet./Look tot, I charge you. Come your ways.), then meddling and subversive, as he sets spies on his own son, and finally irredeemably and ultimately fatally corrupt and subversive, as he schemes and plots around Hamlet. His death physical corruption is a precusor, signifying to the audience the ultimate fate of all those characters exhibiting signs of corruption. snip Hamlet is finally separating his positive aspects which we have seen throughout the place O what a king is this, says Horatio of Hamlet, the observed of all observers from the circumstance and treachery against which they have struggled, and into which they have been entangled. Hamlet himself cannot not rule. He, too, has become corrupted, not in mind, but in history, by becoming the focus of the ancient revengers dilemma. Not taking revenge will reduce him and make him unfit for rule by his own standards.. . and taking revenge will do the same. Any action is morally dubious. Though Hamlet still maintains our sympathy at the end of the play, he has murdered five people and caused the suicide of one. But Hamlet can still decide Denmarks future, by effectively appointing a successor. Thus, the corruption dies with him; all the inevitable justice is carried out; and Hamlets legacy remains. From a morally dubious situation, Hamlet is able to wrest an honorable death, and the chance of stability for the future of his country.

Biography of Damien Hirst, British Contemporary Artist

Biography of Damien Hirst, British Contemporary Artist Damien Hirst (born June 7, 1965) is a controversial contemporary British artist. He is the best-known member of the Young British Artists, a group that shook up the U.K.s art scene in the 1990s. Some of Hirsts most famous works feature dead animals preserved in formaldehyde. Fast Facts: Damien Hirst Occupation: ArtistKnown For: Key member of the Young British Artists and the creator of controversial, sometimes shocking artwork.Born: June 7, 1965 in Bristol, EnglandEducation: Goldsmiths, University of LondonSelected Works: The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living (1992), For the Love of God (2007)Notable Quote: I was taught to confront things you cant avoid. Death is one of those things. Early Life and Career Damien Hirst (born Damien Steven Brennan) was born in Bristol and grew up in Leeds, England. His mother later described him as a morbid child, interested in grisly and gruesome images of disease and injury. These subjects would later inform some of the artists iconic works. Hirst had several run-ins with the law, including two arrests for shoplifting. He failed numerous other academic subjects, but he succeeded in art and drawing. Damien attended the Jacob Kramer School of Art in Leeds, and in the late 1980s, he studied art at Goldsmiths, University of London. In 1988, in his second year at Goldsmith, Damien Hirst organized an independent student exhibition titled Freeze in an empty London Port Authority building. It was the first significant event organized by a group that would become known as the Young British Artists. The final version of the exhibition included two of Hirsts iconic spot paintings: multicolored spots on white or near-white backgrounds painted by hand with glossy house paint. International Success Damien Hirsts first solo exhibition, In and Out of Love, took place in an empty shop on Woodstock Street in central London in 1991. During that year, he met the Iraqi-British businessman Charles Saatchi, who became a primary patron. Saatchi offered to fund any art that Hirst wanted to create. The result was a work titled The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living. It consisted of a shark preserved in formaldehyde inside in a tank. The piece was part of one of the first Young British Artists exhibitions at the Saatchi Gallery in 1992. As a result of the media attention surrounding the piece, Hirst earned a nomination for the U.K.s Turner Prize for distinguished young artists, but he lost to Grenville Davey. In 1993, Hirsts first major international work at the Venice Biennale was titled Mother and Child Divided. The work included a cow and a calf cut into sections and exhibited in separate tanks. The next year, Hirst exhibited a similar piece: Away from the Flock, which featured a sheep preserved in formaldehyde. During the exhibition, the artist Mark Bridger entered the gallery and poured black ink into the tank, then offered a new title for the work: Black Sheep. Bridger was prosecuted, but at Hirsts request, his sentence was light: two years of probation. In 1995, Damien Hirst won the Turner Prize. In the latter half of the decade, he presented solo shows in Seoul, London, and Salzburg. He also branched out into directing music videos and short films, and he formed the band Fat Les with actor Keith Allen and Alex James of the rock group Blur. By the end of the decade, the Young British Artists, including Hirst, were seen as a key part of the mainstream art scene in the U.K. Later Career On September 10, 2002, the day before the one-year anniversary of the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center terrorist attacks in New York City, Hirst released a statement describing the attacks as kind of like an artwork in its own right. The outrage was quick and severe. A week later, he issued a public apology. After meeting Joe Strummer of the band The Clash in 1995, Damien Hirst became good friends with the guitarist. In late 2002, Strummer died of a heart attack. Hirst stated it had a powerful effect: It was the first time I felt mortal. In March 2005, Hirst exhibited 30 paintings at the Gagosian Gallery in New York. They took over three years to complete and were based on photos taken mostly by assistants but finished by Hirst. In 2006, he introduced the work: A Thousand Years (1990). It contains a life cycle of maggots hatching inside a box, turning into flies, and feeding on a bloody, severed cows head in a glass display case. The case included buzzing live flies, many of which were electrocuted in a device designed to ward off insects. The famed artist Francis Bacon praised A Thousand Years (1990) in a letter to a friend a month before he died. In 2007, Hirst presented the piece For the Love of God, a human skull copied in platinum and studded with over 8,600 diamonds. The only part of the original skull included are the teeth. The price for the work was $100,000,000. No one bought it at the original exhibition, but a consortium that included Hirst himself purchased it in August 2008. Praise and Criticism Damien Hirst has earned praise for drumming up new interest in the arts through his celebrity persona and sense of the dramatic. He helped bring the British art scene back to prominence internationally. His supporters, including his benefactor Saatchi and many other noted artists, say that Hirst is a showman, but that getting the attention of the public is essential. He is sometimes mentioned in the company of 20th-century masters like Andy Warhol and Jackson Pollock. However, detractors question whether there is anything artistic about dead, preserved animals. Brian Sewell, an Evening Standard art critic, said that Hirsts art is no more interesting than a stuffed pike over a pub door. A 2009 Hirst show titled No Love Lost, which featured his paintings, received almost universal criticism. His efforts were described as shockingly bad. Plagiarism Controversy In 2000, designer Norman Emms sued Damien Hirst over the sculpture Hymn, which was a reproduction of the Young Scientist Anatomy Set, designed by Emms and manufactured by Humbrol. Hirst paid an out-of-court settlement to two charities and Emms. In 2007, artist John LeKay, a former friend of Hirst, claimed that the inspiration for many of Hirsts works came from the Carolina Biological Supply Company catalog. He also claimed that the diamond-encrusted skull titled For the Love of God was inspired by LeKays own crystal skull work in 1993. In response to a number of other claims of copyright infringement or outright plagiarism, Hirst said, As a human being, as you go through life, you just do collect. Personal Life Between 1992 and 2012, Hirst lived with his girlfriend, Maia Norman. They have three sons: Connor Ojala, Cassius Atticus, and Cyrus Joe. Hirst is known to spend much of his private time at a farmhouse in Devon, England. He also owns a large compound in Mexico where multiple artists help carry out his projects at his art studio. Source Gallagher, Ann. Damien Hirst. Tate, 2012.

The Importance of the Supply and Demand Model

The Importance of the Supply and Demand Model Forming the basis for introductory concepts of economics, the supply and demand model  refers to the combination of buyers preferences comprising the demand and the sellers preferences comprising the supply, which  together determine the market prices and product quantities in any given market. In a capitalistic society, prices are not determined by a central authority but rather are the result of buyers and sellers interacting in these markets. Unlike a physical market, however, buyers and sellers don’t have to all be in the same place, they just have to be looking to conduct the same economic transaction. It’s important to keep in mind that prices and quantities are the outputs of the supply and demand model, not the inputs. It’s also important to keep in mind that the supply and demand model only applies to competitive markets - markets where there are many buyers and sellers all looking to buy and sell similar products. Markets that don’t satisfy these criteria have different models that apply to them instead. The Law of Supply and The Law of Demand The supply and demand model can be broken into two parts: the law of demand and the law of supply. In the law of demand, the higher a suppliers price, the lower the quantity of demand for that product becomes.  The law itself states, all else being equal, as the price of a product increases, quantity demanded falls; likewise, as the price of a product decreases, quantity demanded increases. This correlates largely to the opportunity cost of buying more expensive items wherein the expectation is that if the buyer must give up consumption of something they value more to buy the more expensive product, they will likely want to buy it less. Similarly, the law of supply correlates to the quantities  that will be sold at certain price points. Essentially the converse of the law of  demand, the supply model demonstrates that the higher the price, the higher the quantity supplied because of an increase in business revenue hinges upon more sales at higher prices.   The relationship between supply in demand relies heavily on maintaining an equilibrium between the two, wherein there is never more or less supply than demand in a marketplace.   Application in Modern Economics To think of it in modern application, take the example of a new DVD being released for $15. Because market analysis has shown that current consumers will not spend over that price for a movie, the company only releases 100 copies because the opportunity cost of production for suppliers is too high for the demand. However, if the demand rises, the price will also increase resulting in higher quantity supply. Conversely, if 100 copies are released and the demand is only 50 DVDs,  the price will fall to attempt to sell the remaining 50 copies that the market no longer demands.   The concepts inherent in the supply and demand model further provide a backbone for modern economics discussions, especially as it applies to capitalist societies. Without a fundamental understanding of this model, it is almost impossible to understand the complex world of economic theory.

Visual analysis of biopic film 'Citizen Kane' and its underlying Essay

Visual analysis of biopic film 'Citizen Kane' and its underlying feature - Essay Example The film received nine Oscar nominations, but won only one for Best Original Screenplay (Citizen, 1997). The pessimistic theme of the spiritually failed man is illustrated from various unreliable points of view or perspectives, of different characters. This at times provides a contradictory and non-sequential portrait. The film illustrates the tragic story of a rags-to-riches child who was lucky to inherit a fortune. The child was taken by a wealthy banker, from his father, mother and humble surroundings. He was raised by the banker, and he eventually became a very wealthy, energetic and arrogant newspaperman. He built his reputation as a generous champion of the poor and the underprivileged in the society. This is because he had his mind focused on a political career (Jonathan, 2007). However, his political aspirations shuttered following the revelation of an improper love affair with a professional singer. The life of Kane was self-destructed due to the desire of fulfilling the ultimate American dream of power, success, wealth, fame, and immortality. Following his two failed marriages, he turned into a tyrannical monster. He spent his final days alone and unhappy (Christey, 2004). He met his death in a refuge of his desire, a magnificent castle filled with treasured possessions to make up for the emptiness in his life. The film created controversy before it was shown on May 1, 1941 in New York City. This is because it was believed to caricaturize and fictionalizes unique events and persons related to William Randolph Hearst (Higham, 1985). Hearst was a very powerful and influential publisher and newspaper magnate during that time. The controversy as a result of the film also entailed ruthless suppression during early 1941, due to FBI investigations, newspaper smears, intimidation, discrediting, and blackmail. The film faced accusations of

Using appropriate conceptual support, critically evaluate the City of Case Study

Using appropriate conceptual support, critically evaluate the City of Pittsburgh approach to cloud adoption. Were they successful in their cloud implementation Why or why not - Case Study Example Data and software packages are permanently kept in servers on the internet. It allows an access to information anywhere anytime as long as one has electronic devices like; desktops, tablets, computers, hand-held sensors and many others (latimes.com). The basic requirement to retrieve information from cloud is the internet connection. One must establish the internet connection either through wired or wireless internet or mobile broadband connection. You can now access the same information using different devices in a different location at different time. That is why it is the best option to use in your business as anyone who is connected to the internet can work on documents anytime anywhere. There are different types of clouds that depend on what one needs. Public cloud –if you want anyone who is internet connected can access the cloud space. Private cloud-is for specific individuals or organization. It can limited public access as one may be required to use passwords to access this type of cloud. Community cloud- is shared amongst two or more organizations that share similar cloud necessities. Hybrid cloud is a combination of two or more types of clouds. It is a mixture of public, private or communal. In this essay we are going to evaluate on how the City of Pittsburgh approached the cloud connectivity and if they were successful (Markoff, 2010). City of Pittsburgh needed the cloud computing to operate its numerous social activities including schools and recreation centers like football pitches and state of art hospitals, economic activities like steel mining and political activities in governance and administration of the city. The city had started experiencing problems like; employees increasingly demanding to use the mail services and the increase in the cost of maintaining the servers, underfunded retirement funds, rising cost

Efficiency Reward Management in British Airways

Efficiency Reward Management in British Airways Competition in the airline industry has gone global and the market and industry dynamics have necessitated the need for companies to make concerted efforts streamlined towards ensuring that high quality goods and services are offered in the market at competitive prices. This has resulted in the adoption and implementation of several tools and strategies by British Airways geared towards the aforementioned goals attainment. One of the strategies that have been soundly embraced by British Airways is the effective and efficient management of human resource department in regards to the selection, recruitment and satisfaction of employees. This has been attained through an emphasis on work site wellness program within the company. These initiatives are aimed at enhance performance management within the company. Company Overview Stiff competition has pushed the airline industry to attain very high levels of service quality to their customers. British Airways has been left outside the bracket in this push to smoke away competition and remain a top provider of airline services. The market expectation levels are expected to improve with the increase in the complexity of travelers demands. British Airways has recognized that employees from its most prized assets and has attached the capacity to improve its performance on the ability to effectively and efficiently manage its of human resource department. The pivotal challenge faced by the company is its inability to become a truly transnational airline. The recent economic crunch, political uncertainties in the Middle East and managerial problems have negatively on its ability to improve on its current performance. However, despite the above challenges, Yahoo Finance (2010) illustrates that net profit for the company has improved from 72m Pounds in 2003 to $438 m in Pounds in 2007 and the earnings per share increased from 6.7 pence to 37.2 pence within the same period. Efficiency Reward Management in British Airways Reward management Chew and Teo (1991) state that a reward system expresses what an organization values and is prepared to pay for; it is governed by the need to reward the right things in order to convey the right message about what is important in terms of expected behaviors and outcomes. The importance of HRM has increased with time and the need to properly manage people is becoming a central focus within organizations today. This has precipitated competition amongst various organizations seeking to portray the best skills in peoples management. This has defined a new role for line managers whose roles in organizations have shifted from the traditional supervisory role to more advanced people resource management. To effectively take efficient steps in the recruitment and selection, employee relations, reward management, appraisal and performance reviews, line managers must receive the support of the HR specialists. The above discussions illustrate the high levels at which British Airways as gone to enhance high levels of performance through better rewards management. Reward systems within organizations are always based on how ones value to the organization. It is concerned with both financial and non-financial rewards and embraces the philosophies, strategies, policies, plans and processes used by organizations to develop and maintain reward systems. Most organizations make use of the term compensation to refer to pay or remuneration. There has been a noted problem with the term compensation in that it means rewards to the employee is only for making amends for the distasteful fact people have to work to make a living. In the analysis of Chew and Teo (1991) proposition for most people work is, in the main, a source for disutility, and they therefore require payment to compensate them for the time they devoted towards it. While this argument is true in its literal sense, it however fails to provide a complete definition of pay philosophy. This is because pay philosophy should take into consideration one competence and contribution, not just compe nsation simply because some none has worked for it. In appreciating that employee rewards takes into deep consideration of the organizations integrated policies and practices, rewards are best given according to market worth of an employee. In addition to that, the ones contribution, skills and competence should also form central measurements under which rewards systems can be based. The rewards scheme runs through the culture and philosophies of an organization and is developed within its framework with the aim of maintaining the best levels of pay, benefits, compensation and other forms of rewards. According to Carter (1988), reward system consists of financial (fixed or variable pay) and employee benefits, which together comprises the total remuneration. In addition to that, rewards system also encompasses non-financial components that include (recognition, praise, achievement, responsibility and personal growth). The non-financial components of rewards system also include performance management systems (Lafferty McMillan, 1989). The combination of the two; financial and non-financial rewards forms the total reward system. Deeper analyses of the reward systems reveal that it has five more components that include processes, practices, structures, schemes and procedures (Heskett, Sasser and Hart, (1990). The successful design, development and implementation of management decisions are very complex and at times daunting tasks for many managers especially when managing the most prizes assets of organization-employees. Usually, managers will be faced with daily problems that require the application of tools that will ensure for the successful operations irrespective of the sectors they manage such as the identification of the objectives of the organization, alternative means of achieving the stated objectives and the selection of the means that accomplish the objectives in the most efficient manner. The first process in the decision making process will entail the identification of the problem. The problem in dealing with employee rewards for the optimum benefit of the organization must enhance the ability of the organization to effectively achieve its objectives. Ideally, successful identification of the problem will encapsulate trying to delineate answers to questions such as what coul d be the causes of the problem, where this is happening, how it is happening, when it is happening, with whom it is happening, and why it is happening (MacNamara, 2008). In essence, this should be followed by an in-depth analysis of the delineation of the complexity of the problem, verification of the understanding of the problem; prioritization and understanding the role to be played towards the redress of the problem (Collins, 1987). In recognizing the fact that an organizations performance depends primarily on the quality of its management and employees, line managers appreciate the role of reward in improving the quality of management through generous rewards. British Airways knows that rewards alone cannot play the sole role of management quality improvement but this process demands with it a number of other factors for it to be fully realized. This is because, the culture, values, and management style of an organization, together with its performance management and employee development programs are equally important (Bureau of Tourism Research, 1989).ÂÂ  It is therefore true that reward management forms an integral part of quality management but cannot stand alone in an organization in ensuring quality management. Reward management is one of the central management issue British Airways top management has over the year managed excellently. Effective reward management not only motivates the employees but also depicts harmonious management style the company is applying to capture and succeed in the market. In addition, the recruitment and retention of best talents take precedence in the business. According to Debrah (2005), The reward or compensation people receive for their contribution to an organization includes monetary and non-monetary components. Remuneration does not simply compensate employees for their efforts it also has an impact on the recruitment and retention of talented people. In this regard, reward management within British management calls for brilliant strategies to ensure that it succeeds. Towards this, the company has employed a number of strategies to help successful implement this program. These strategies include controlling reward, monitoring and evaluating reward theories, managing development of reward system, devolution of line mangers for responsibility for reward system (Hollings, 1998). Controlling reward British Airways has got a good reward management control strategy. Control offers the opportunity to plan and execute reward in a more organized and logical manner which reflect the spirit and mission of the company. According to Gabriel (1988), employers and managers should pay attention to their employees and special attention to the best employees. This is done to encourage good performers, to push them to greater heights. Positive recognition for people can ensure a positive and a productive organization. The recognition of outstanding performance aims to create an understanding of what behaviors might add significant value to the organization and to promote such behaviors. Awards- monetary and non-monetary should be given based on the achievements and accomplishments of workers. Effective reward management calls for effective and strategic management to ensure that the programs not only succeed but also offer a good platform for other companies to emulate. This is an entrenched culture within British Airways aimed at ensuring employee performance improvement. In controlling the rewards, the organization benefits a lot from such an initiative. The befits that come along as a result of reward control include offer of the best opportunity for strategic planning, ensures continuity of the reward system, it is effective in the process of the reward scheme evaluation. Monitoring and evaluating reward theories The process of monitoring and evaluating reward theories demand good management practices from the line managers. In British Airways, This process is ideally inclusive of the major parties to the problem and will involve holding a brainstorming session where the possible solutions to the problem are all presented and analyzed. Bowen (1986) has advised against passing judgment on the possible solutions as presented at the earliest stage of evaluating rewards so as to provide chance for possible solutions and errors that could be omitted. The selection of the reward within British Airways considers best alternative to resolving the problem is the next stage and is essentially where the possible solutions advanced are analyzed and dissected in details. In the selection of the best alternative, the line managers within British Airways takes into considerations the approach that is likely to resolve the problem in the long run, the most realistic solutions, the resources available, time a nd the risks associated with each alternative (McNamara, 2008). Managing the developing reward system Initiating a reward program in most organizations has been easy but managing and developing the rewards comes along with many challenges. This is because reward systems must be well developed and enhanced to reduce employee conflict (Irwin, 2003). In British Airways, this involves assessing how the situation will be once the reward has been initiated and looking for possible weaknesses within the reward scheme. This process is well handled within the British Airways by a pool of highly trained line managers. Essentially, this will entail a careful consideration of the best way to implement the new reward policies and procedures, what resources are desirable in terms of people, facilities and finances, time, who will drive the process, and the person in who will be responsible for the success of the plan. It is imperative that the action plan is communicated to all the stakeholders who will be affected by the new changes within and without the organization to limit the possibility of conflict and take into consideration all the divergent views. Communication within the British Airways values the culture and takes into consideration the major drive within the Airline industry which centrally aims at providing the best competitive work environment to the employees. Devolution for line managers The success of reward schemes and projects has to a large extent relied on the interests, support and commitment of the senior management within the British Airways. This is in order to ensure that everybody in the project team and indeed the whole employees are focused and committed. Most reward schemes within organizations are sometimes conceived, funded and developed without appropriate senior management involvement or approval. Naila (2009) has for example noted that some projects go forward without the management clearly conceptualizing what the project entails. A distinction between mere approval and commitment should be clearly discerned so that the projects run smoothly. According to Kerzner (2006), most projects fail when the senior management lacks a clear understanding and a paucity of the projects perceived benefits, risks and difficulties. This is fundamental because the management plays a central role in costs appropriations and budget allocations for project activities . This means that while the projects approval may actually have been acquired, in the euphoria of getting the projects approved; some of the risks may be ignored or glossed over. Efficient project cost management especially in the field of IT should however ensure that projects approvals are not based on hype and unrealistic calculations but on a framework that encapsulates a realistic assessment of the projects. These remain the central themes within British Airways that define its culture and its reward schemes. Interviews in selection and recruitment The most frequently used selection method in most organizations and companies, with British Airways being no exception, is the interview. The company employs this selection process in selecting and recruiting personnel in the top management positions such as departmental managers. Interviews occur when a candidate responds to questions posed by a manager or some other organizational representative. In an interview, common areas in which questions are posed include education, experience and knowledge of job procedures, mental ability, personality, communication ability, social skills as well as the knowledge of current affairs. The recruitment process within British Airways as a close nit process that enasure only the best is recruited. This is ullusterated below by Guemier and Lockwood (1989). Quality Performance Measurement The capacity to understands and measure performance of an organizational policies is crucial for the success of any business. These measures should include process performance and improvements that can be seen by customers. The importance of performance measurement is important to ensure that customer service is given, to set individual team and business objectives, highlight problems and failure in the processes, provide the needed stimulus for continuous growth and provide benchmark for establishing comparisons. To effectively carry out quality performance, an organization must understand the component of quality costs. These is because the capacity to show that quality system is effective, find more efficient ways of working and get it right from the first time are fundamental in the processes. Performance measurements include four quality costs such as prevention costs, appraisal costs, internal failure costs and external failure costs. Through the application of EFQM that recognizes the fact that there are many approaches to achieving sustainable excellence, British Airways has extensively made use of this non prescriptive framework to analyze its quality performance measurements. This process has been carried out using leadership in at the fore front while enablers include people, policy and strategy partnership and resources who are subjected through a process. The results for the performance of the reward policy within British Airways are then measured by peoples results, customer results and social results. These generate key performance results that are generated through three result components. The tool that was preferred for this process was Radar Scoring Matrix that was capable of covering all aspects of results, approach, deployment, assessment and review. The five poor causes of quality include wrong application of measurement tools, poor combination of enablers for the process, poor leadership, inability to establish a measurement process and failure to engage of all employees in the process. Conclusion The world over, organizations and business enterprises are experiencing major economic crunch and environmental upheaval such as deregulated industrial regulation systems, globalization, competition and technological advancement. These economic, social and political circumstances have precipitated a complex and sophisticated of overlapping and concurrent interventions that are radically changing the existing structures, cultures and job requirements. In response to this dynamic and rapid change, managers need to approach the selection and recruitment from a strategic perspective. Recruitment and selection strategies, process and policies should be integrated within the company human resource department and the organization culture. These have been entrenched in the operational culture of British Airways. In the Airline industry, there is need to streamline the operations to embrace the dynamic changes in selection and recruitment. These changes include new strategies on selection and outsourcing. British Airways has been successful and continue to gain more ground in the world market due to its strategic planning and management. This paper has given a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the role of the human resource department in the selection and recruitment with special reference to British Airways.